![]() Running, walking, throwing and jumping are natural movements in man and, in fact, the concept of athletics dates back to very distant times, as confirmed by some cave paintings of the Lower Palaeolithic (6000 BC-5500 BC) to the Neolithic that demonstrate rivalry between several runners and pitchers.1 The sources become more precise in Egypt in the 15th century before our era, with the oldest written reference, referring to the running race, found in the tomb of Amenhotep II (c. 1438-1412 BC) 1 At the same time, the Minoan civilization (Crete), also practiced racing, as well as the throwing of javelin and disc. The first encounters in Greece were held in the 8th century BC. C. In them stood out the test called stadion, which was a pedestrian race of 197.27 meters, equivalent to 200 times the foot of Heracles.This is the oldest evidence of which there is a record, 2 although it is supposed to have been previously practiced. Shortly thereafter, more evidence appeared, such as the double stadion or ducalic, the half-background or equestrian race and the background or dorsal race. All these tests are multiples of the stadion distance. The pentathlon, which combines the race, the jump, the throws and the fight, is another discipline of the athletics introduced in the Olympic program before the end of century VIII a. C. Apart from the Olympic Games, there were other sporting events in different Greek polis, which were eclipsed by the former. No less than 38 Greek cities held their own Olympic games (called isletics to differentiate them from those held in Olympia) and 33 held Piti Games. The Roman civilization practiced athletics in two different versions from the year 186 a. C. The first is Etruscan-inspired (cursors), while the second is an adaptation of the Greek disciplines (athletae) .5 The Domitian Stadium was built in the year 86 and was dedicated to athletics in its Greek variant. Ireland organized between 632 and 1169 games that included tests unknown to the Greeks, such as pole vault, hammer throwing and a cross-country form. These disciplines were introduced in Scotland in the fourth century and modified until they became the Mountain Games. "Success for an athlete is achieved with many years of hard work and dedication". Michael Diamond.
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