Mountain biking, considered a risky sport, is a competition cycling done on natural circuits, generally through forests on narrow roads with steep slopes and very fast descents. The bikes are usually made of aluminum, titanium, carbon or other alloys as light as possible, they have a front suspension that is on the fork, with travel from 100 to 180mm, which can be spring, oil, air or both systems combined; some also use rear wheel suspension, usually with an articulation system in the bicycle frame; By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, most used 9-speed shifting on the rear wheel sprocket (cassette) and 3-chainwheel gears. Later in the market, bicycles with two-forward wheels and cassette games, 10 and 11-speed on the rear axle, began to be commercialized; in 2015, it entered the market with the single-deck Catalina with cassettes of 11 and 12 speeds. These configurations are always at the athlete's choice, the advancement of technology allowed more relationships to be accommodated in the cassette to simplify the Catalina and make the relationship management easier by bringing them to a single actuator on the handlebar unlike traditional systems with relationships in the cassette and also in the catalyst that require two more complex and expensive actuators or automated electromechanical systems. The brake is actuated through a lever located on the handlebar. Until the end of the 20th century, only rim brakes had been seen, with rubber or rubber pads, operated by a steel cable or rope. Bas Peters downhill during the 2008 Zoetermeer Netherlands National Championship. Starting in the 20th century, disc brakes began to be used, which are made up of a reduced diameter disc fixed to the wheel axle that is also actuated by cranks and steel cables or later by hydraulic systems. Disc brakes are much safer but not lighter. The use of safety elements such as a special helmet, long finger gloves, clip pedals and special shoes for this type of pedal is highly recommended. Torso, elbow and knee protectors. Some of the specialties and competitions are regulated by the UCI (International Cycling Union) while others are played in a friendly way. Specialties Within the competition mountain bike, the following main specialties are distinguished (some classified by the UCI as professionals). Cross country or rally Main article: Cross country The mountain bike cross country or rally (Cross country, XC) are competitions for ascending and descending terrain. They are usually contested on circuits 10-100 km long and in some cases several laps are made. All the runners left at the same time. Here the average pulsations are usually between 170-180 ppm. It is usually the most common competitive specialty of mountain biking, in fact in the name of these competitions the specific specialty is usually omitted and using the generic "mountain biking" it is understood that it refers to this specialty. The Olympic specialty, with Olympic distances and rules, carries the XCO (Cross-country Olympic) code. Cross country by teams It is a race in which several runners from a team compete giving each other relay once they reach the finish line (XCR code). Offroad elimination It is a race in which the last one to reach the finish line (XCE code) is eliminated. Decline
The descent (Downhill, DH code) is a specialty from the cross country for 4 (Four cross). Downhill route with jumps and obstacles, both natural and artificial, of medium or high technical difficulty, in which the runners fight against the chronometer individually, making the lift by mechanical means (chair lifts or trucks). Downhill there have been several types of bicycle speed records. The bicycles have front suspension with 200 mm and rear from 200 mm to 267 mm of travel, this allows better absorption of impacts when dealing with a natural or artificial object such as jumps, as well as 203 disc brakes mm too, allowing greater braking efficiency. The wheel covers are thicker (usually 2.35 to 2.5 inches) to ensure maximum grip, and the widest handlebar (between 760 and 810 mm) for greater control of the bike. In addition to this, most are in titanium, carbon and aluminum alloys. The protections that are used in this type of events are the full face helmet, gloves, knee and shin guards, breastplate (suit that includes column, chest and rib protector, shoulder pads, elbow pads and wristbands), neck protector and ski-like goggles. and motocross. In recent years, urban descent races have been held with more and more participants and followers; that is, descent through a circuit previously prepared by the city. Among the most famous are that of Valparaíso Cerro Abajo (Chile).
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